UG Aid

PRELOAD Maneuvers: - Maneuvers that INCREASE PRELOAD or Venous return :- Leg raise / Squatting Maneuvers that Decrease Preload or venous return :- Standing / Valsalva ALL MURMURS increase in intensity [= Worsen] with INCREASE in Venous return[=blood volume inside heart] EXCEPT HOCM and MV Prolapse . (They reduce in intensity[=Improve]). AFTERLOAD maneuvers :-   Hand grip= Increases After load. [This is like squatting of upper limb but since upper limb unlike leg has very small amount of blood- this doesn't affect venous return only effect- increase in AFTER LOAD.] AFTER LOAD maneuvers [unfortunately] DO NOT HAVE uniform rule [like PRELOAD manuevers]. Consider Murmur groups in FORWARD FLOW AND BACKWARD FLOW MURMURS.              Backward flow - Aortic Regurg/ Mitral regurg/ and VSD              Forward flow - MS /HOCM and MVP   WITH HANDGRIP- Inc...

Mnemonic : VODKA V - Penicillin V O - Oxacillin D - Dicloxacillin K - Cloxacillin A - Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

Mnemonic : RED LIP M ahatma G andhi R - Rheumatoid Arthritis E - Extraintestinal amoebiasis D - Discoid lupus erythematosis L - Lepra reaction I - Infectious mononucleosis P - Photogenic reactions M - Malaria G - Giardiasis

Macrolides are drug of choice for: Mnemonic: CLAW C - Chancroid by H. Ducreyi L - Legionella infections A - Atypical Pneumonia W - Whooping Cough by Bordetella pertusis other uses: Azithromycin - Diptheria and gram positive organisms, Prophylaxis of MAC infection, Chlamydial urogenital infections, H.influenza and Neisseria infections. Clarithromycin - Prophylaxis and treatment of MAC, peptic ulcer by H.pylori Spiramycin - DOC for treatment of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy.

Tetracyclines are first choice drugs for: Mnemonic : LG BPL CAR  L - Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) G - Granuloma Inguinale B - Brucellosis P - Plague phrophylaxis L - Lyme's disease (doxy) C - Cholera A - Atypical pneumonia due to chlamydia R - Relapsing fever (doxy)       Rickettsial Infection (doxy) Other uses: Mnemonic: Leprosy MAPS Leprosy(mino) M - meningococcal carrier (mino), malaria prophylaxis (doxy) A - Amoebiasis (doxy) P - Peptic ulcer by H.Pylori (tetra) S - SIADH (demeclo)

Mnemonic : BARE TB B - Bacterial meningitis A - Anaerobic infections R - Ricketsia infection E - Ear & Eye infection T - Typhoid B - Brucellosis

Mnemonic: PET (scan) CRI (ticle) Contraindicated: P- Pyrizinamide, Pefloxacin E - Erythromycin estolate T - Tetracycline Dose Reduction required: C - Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin R- Rifampicin I- Isoniazid