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Early Post-operative Complications- FETISH F- Flat Anterior Chamber E- Bacterial Endophthalmitis T- Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome I-   Iris prolapse S-  Striate keratopathy H- Hyphaema Late Post-operative Complications- ABCDEFG A- After cataract B- Pseudophakic Bullous keratopathy C- Cystoid Macular Edema D- Retinal Detachment E- Epithelial ingrowth/ Endophthalmitis F- Fibrous downgrowth G- Glaucoma-in-aphakia and pseudophakia

Mnemonic:   ATROPI in Y oung G irl A - Antibiotic Spray T - Teflon Paste R - Remove Crust O - Oestradiol Therapy P - Placental Extract    - Potassium Iodide I - Irrigation In - Insert Fat, Cartilage Y - Young’s Operation G - Glucose In Glycerine    - Girls-(Female More Affected)

tran SV er S e fracture - Seventh palsy, Vertigo and Sensorineural hearing loss. l O ngitudinal fracture - here O indicates OTORRHEA more common here...

Mnemonic : HARDS H - Hypertrophy with Hoarseness A - Abscess (Peritonsillar - Quinsy) R - Recurrent Sore Throat M - Malignancy Is Suspected S - Seizures (Febrile Seizures Due to Tonsillitis)

Mnemonic : SCAN your nose S - shaped deformity C - shaped deformity A - Anterior dislocation N - Nasal spur * Deviation may involve only the cartilage, bone or both. *S -shaped deformity may cause bilateral nasal obstruction.

Mnemonic:  COW TO MEN C - Young Children O - Only hearing ear W - Works in high construction,diving,air travels T - Tympanic membrane perforation O - Otitis externa M - Meniers disease E - Exostosis N - works in Noisy surroundings

Mnemonic : H e ARD better after stapes surgery H - hearing threshold 30 db or worse A - air - bone gap 15 db R - rinne negative for 256,512 Hz D - discrimination speech score 60%

Mnemonic: Coffee Board C-Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis O-Oroantral Fistula F-Fungal Sinusitis F-Foreign Body of Maxilla E-Ethmoidectomy E-Elevation of Floor of Orbit in Orbital Fracture B-Biopsy O-Opening of Maxillary Sinus for Maxillary Artery Ligation A-Antr choanal Polyp R-Reduction of Fracture Maxilla D-Dental Cyst

Mnemonic : "MERA FRCP" M=Mucocele of Frontoethmoidal/Sphenoid Sinus E=Epistaxis R=Recurrent Acute Bac. Sinusitis A= A C Polyp F= Fungal Sinusitis R= Removal of Foreign Body C= Chronic Bac. Sinusitis P=Polypoid Rhinosinusitis

Ugh got destroyed by another brainstem lesion question on Qbank? Having hard time with neurology? then you are at right place.. a simplified method for answering the question ‘Where is the lesion?’   Below I have summarized RULE OF 4.  In the rule of 4 there are 4 rules: There are 4 structures in the ‘midline‘ beginning with M There are 4 structures to the ‘side‘ (lateral) beginning with S There are 4 cranial nerves below the pons, 4 in the pons and 4 above the pons. The 4 motor nuclei that are in the mid line are those that divide equally into 12 except for 1 and 2, that is 3, 4, 6 and 12 (5, 7, 9 and 11 are in the lateral brainstem).   The 4  Medial structures and the associated deficits are: M otor pathway (or corticospinal tract): CL weakness of the arm and leg   M edial Lemniscus: CL loss of vibration and proprioception in the arm and leg   M LF: IPSI inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia (failure of adduction of the IPSI eye +nystagmus in the opposite eye as it lo

Crystals in Alkaline Urine These are as under : i. Amorphous phosphate ii. Triple phosphate iii. Calcium carbonate iv. Ammonium biurate i) Amorphous Phosphate They are seen as colourless granules in the form of clumps or irregular aggregates .They dissolve when urine is made acidic. ii) Triple Phosphate They are in the form of prisms and sometimes in fern leaf pattern .They dissolve when urine is made acidic. iii) Calcium Carbonate They are in the form of granules, spheres or rarely dumbbell-shaped. They again dissolve in acidic urine. iv) Ammonium Biurate They are round or oval yellowish-brown spheres with thorns on their surface giving ‘thorn apple’ appearance . They dissolve on heating the urine or by making it acidic.

Crystals Formation and appearance of crystals in urine depends upon pH of the urine, i.e. acidic or alkaline. Crystals in Acidic Urine  These are as under : i. Calcium oxalate ii. Uric acid iii. Amorphous urate iv. Tyrosine v. Cystine vi. Cholesterol crystals vii. Sulphonamide i) Calcium Oxalate These are colourless refractile and have octahedral envelope-like structure. They can also be dumb-bell shaped ii) Uric Acid They are yellow or brown rhomboid-shaped seen singly or in rosettes. They can also be in the form of prism, plates and sheaves iii ) Amorphous Urate They appear as yellowish brown granules in the form of clumps. They dissolve on heating. When they are made of sodium urate, they are needle-like in the form of thorn-apple. They are passed more often in patients having gout. iv ) Tyrosine They are yellowish in the form of silky needles or sheaves .They are passed in urine in jaundice. v) Cyst